Global value chains in a post-Washington Consensus world

Neither the Washington Nor the Post-Washington Consensus: An Introduction*

In 1994 the World Bank and the IMF marked the fiftieth anniversary of their founding meeting at Bretton Woods. The occasion was hardly one of celebration for the two Washington institutions with which official post-war international financial arrangements are most closely identified. For, paradoxically, in the lengthy wake of the Uruguay Round of the GATT, the World Trade Organisation was loomi...

Labour in Global Production: Reflections on Coxian Insights in a World of Global Value Chains

This essay reflects on Robert W. Cox’s work on global production, labour, and labour governance, and considers how his insights might illuminate the present conjuncture for labour in production. I work with an understanding of that conjuncture as involving the rise to pre-eminence of global production networks (GPNs) and global value chains (GVCs) as the contemporary expression of the ongoing g...

From Washington Consensus to BeST Consensus for World Development

Measuring Iran's Economy Status Indicators in Global Value Chains and Comparison with Selected Countries

​Global value chains are a complex product of the international fragmentation of production expansion that has revolutionized the production organization of the global economy and increased trade in services and intermediary goods. This new form of trade has allowed developing countries to benefit from international trade with specialization and comparative advantage in tasks, without having a ...

Global Value Chains , Economic Upgrading , and Gender